What is Box Girder and how did it evolve?
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A box or tubular girder is a girder that forms an enclosed tube with multiple walls, as opposed to an I or H-beam..... Generally the term box girder is used, especially if it is rectangular or trapezoidal in cross - section.
Its evolution
Formwork finds its trace almost 2,000 years ago in Rome. The dome of Pantheon in Rome was made of lightweight concrete and the under face of the Dome, you can see the moulding effect of formwork used at that time. But it was only at the end of 19th century that the use of concrete became common, with the invention of reinforced concrete. As the new technology of RCC came in, construction saw a drastic demand for mass developments of concrete housing & infrastructure and that is how current day Formwork came into existence.
Formwork material
With time, as the span and the width increased, the beams and bottom slabs had to be tied to keep the geometry which in turn lead to evolution of box girder.
Types of box girder construction
The box girder normally comprises either prestressed concrete, structural steel, or a composite of steel and reinforced concrete. Box girders are more suitable for larger spans and wider decks.
- 1. Box girder bridges may be cast in place (Cast in situ) using false-work supports, which is removed after concrete has gained its strength. (Fig 1)
- 2.It is also cast in sections in case of a segmental bridge. Here, the segments of 2.5 – 3.0 meters are precast in a casting yard and then transported to site in a trailer and installed using cranes.(Fig. 2)
- 3. Another method of box girder bridge construction is the incremental launching. Under this method, gantry cranes are often used to place new segments onto the completed portions of the bridge until the bridge superstructure is completed. (Fig. 3)
The different combination of above material is also used in Formwork system. Today, Steel and Aluminium is preferred choice for concrete construction considering the long life and durability of these materials as against timber.
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